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[oracle@jumper oracle]$ cat a|awk '{print toupper($0)}'
THIS IS A SAMPLE.
FOR TEST.
[oracle@jumper oracle]$ 

[oracle@jumper oracle]$ man toupper
TOUPPER(3)                 Linux Programmer  Manual                TOUPPER(3)

NAME
       toupper, tolower - convert letter to upper or lower case

SYNOPSIS
       #include 

       int toupper(int c);
       int tolower(int c);

DESCRIPTION
       toupper() converts the letter c to upper case, if possible.

       tolower() converts the letter c to lower case, if possible.

       If  c  is  not  an  unsigned char value, or EOF, the behaviour of these
       functions is undefined.

RETURN VALUE
       The value returned is that of the converted letter, or c if the conver-
       sion was not possible.

CONFORMING TO
       ANSI C, BSD 4.3

BUGS
       The details of what constitutes an uppercase or lowercase letter depend
       on the current locale.  For example, the default "C"  locale  does  not
       know about umlauts, so no conversion is done for them.

       In some non - English locales, there are lowercase letters with no cor-
       responding uppercase equivalent; the German sharp s is one example.

SEE ALSO
       isalpha(3), setlocale(3), locale(7)

GNU                               1993-04-04                        TOUPPER(3)

SQL> alter system set event='984 trace name ERRORSTACK level  10' scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> startup force;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  101782828 bytes
Fixed Size                   451884 bytes
Variable Size              37748736 bytes
Database Buffers           62914560 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> create table t (name varchar2(10),id number);

Table created.

SQL> insert into t values(a,1);
insert into t values(a,1)
                     *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00984: column not allowed here


SQL> !

[oracle@jumper oracle]$ cd $admin
[oracle@jumper udump]$ ls -sort
total 1020
   4 -rw-r--r--    1 oracle        533 Mar  2 16:06 t.sql
   4 -rw-r--r--    1 oracle        522 Mar  3 09:44 d.sql
  20 -rw-r--r--    1 oracle      17445 Mar  8 11:06 a.log
   4 -rw-r-----    1 oracle       3254 Mar 14 23:15 conner_ora_30683.trc
   4 -rw-r-----    1 oracle       1645 Mar 14 23:15 conner_ora_30701.trc
   4 -rw-r-----    1 oracle       1638 Mar 14 23:16 conner_ora_30719.trc
   4 -rw-r-----    1 oracle       1645 Mar 16 09:05 conner_ora_18565.trc
 976 -rw-r-----    1 oracle     993555 Mar 16 09:06 conner_ora_18589.trc
[oracle@jumper udump]$ vi conner_ora_18589.trc

/opt/oracle/admin/conner/udump/conner_ora_18589.trc
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning option
JServer Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0
System name:    Linux
Node name:      jumper.hurray.com.cn
Release:        2.4.21-15.EL
Version:        #1 Thu Apr 22 00:27:41 EDT 2004
Machine:        i686
Instance name: conner
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
Oracle process number: 10
Unix process pid: 18589, image: oracle@jumper.hurray.com.cn (TNS V1-V3)


*** 2005-03-16 09:06:56.178
ksedmp: internal or fatal error
ORA-00984: column not allowed here
Current SQL statement for this session:
insert into t values(a,1)
----- Call Stack Trace -----
calling              call     entry                argument values in hex
location             type     point                (? means dubious value)
-------------------- -------- -------------------- ----------------------------
ksedmp()+269         call     ksedst()+0           0 ? 0 ? 0 ? 0 ? 922C89F ?
                                                   AA642A0 ?
ksddoa()+446         call     ksedmp()+0           A ? AABDCA8 ? B70100B0 ?
                                                   3D8 ? 1 ? B7010114 ?
ksdpcg()+521         call     ksddoa()+0           B70100B0 ? AABDCA8 ?
ksdpec()+220         call     ksdpcg()+0           3D8 ? BFFF3D20 ? 1 ?
ksfpec()+133         call     ksdpec()+0           3D8 ? 3D8 ? AABAE7C ?
                                                   BFFF3D54 ? 9835E89 ?
                                                   AA642A0 ?
[oracle@jumper udump]$